A Comparative and Analytical Study of the Statements of Scholars and Astronomers Regarding the Conflicting Studies of the Moon.

Abstract

The issue of moon sighting differences, particularly concerning the sighting of the new moon, is a topic of debate among scholars and astronomers. The concept of considering moon sighting differences invalid means that if the moon is sighted in one location, that sighting is sufficient for all Muslims worldwide to begin fasting or celebrate Eid. On the other hand, considering these differences valid means that a moon sighting in one place is not enough for everyone; instead, each region should rely on its own sighting to determine the beginning of Ramadan or Eid.

This issue is not only a subject of discussion in Islamic jurisprudence but also in astronomical studies. Some scholars, particularly from the Hanafi and Maliki schools of thought, believe that regional differences in moon sighting should be acknowledged. They argue that the moon rises at different times in different regions, and since Islamic teachings emphasize beginning and ending fasting based on the actual sighting of the moon, each region should rely on its own sighting.

On the other hand, astronomers argue that with modern scientific advancements, the moon's movement can be precisely calculated. This makes it possible for Muslims worldwide to start Ramadan and celebrate Eid on the same day. Islam encourages the use of modern developments, and therefore, relying on astronomical calculations could help resolve the issue of moon sighting differences to some extent.

Given the importance of this topic, this paper will present a comparative and analytical study of the opinions of Islamic scholars and astronomers regarding the differences in moon sighting.