Minority Rights in Islamic Teachings and the Constitution of Pakistan: A Comparative Analysis

Abstract

This article provides a comparative analysis of minority rights in Islamic 
teachings and the Constitution of Pakistan, highlighting the country's efforts to safeguard religious freedom and protect minority communities. Pakistan, founded on principles of religious tolerance, has consistently emphasized the importance of minority rights, beginning with Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah's vision and continuing through the establishment of legal frameworks ensuring these rights. The Constitution of Pakistan enshrines various provisions to protect the religious, social, and economic rights of minorities, drawing from Islamic principles that advocate for justice, equality, and the welfare of all citizens. Key constitutional articles, such as Articles 20, 21, 22, and 36, guarantee religious freedom, equal representation, and protection against discrimination. This study underscores the alignment between Islamic 
teachings and the Constitution of Pakistan in safeguarding the dignity and 
rights of minorities. Despite the legal safeguards, practical challenges, such as the underrepresentation of minorities in certain sectors, highlight the need for ongoing efforts to fully realize these rights. The article concludes that both Islamic values and Pakistan's constitutional framework provide robust protections for minorities, ensuring their welfare, security, and representation.